Recently is a periodic retrospective.

At the end of a month I publish a review of things I read/wrote/built/thought over the past month. My goal is to create a ‘brain log’ where I can capture these ideas on paper for future me to review.

This is an abridged explanation of how money emerged from an initial state of barter. Most of the material is from the book Choice: Cooperation, Enterprise, and Human Action by Robert Murphy.

Murphy’s book reviews the works of Ludwig von Mises’ Human Action and Carl Menger’s On the Origins of Money. I highly recommend checking them out if you find the following summary interesting.

This is an abridged version of Jörg Guido Hülsmann’s The Ethics of Money Production, with an emphasis on the origins of money, private coinage, and competition of private currencies.

The original book is available as a free PDF and on paperback. Images used are from Spice and Wolf by Keito Koume and Isuna Hasekura.

This is an abridged version of Friedrich Hayek’s The Use of Knowledge in Society.

While you live, shine

have no grief at all

life exists only for a short while

and time demands its toll.

— The Seikilos Epitaph (Listen)

Decentralized Finance (or DeFi) is an emerging category of financial applications that are being developed on top of trustless networks. Today, most of this innovation is happening on the Ethereum blockchain. An entire digital finance stack came into existence within the past 18 months, under the radar of most people.

This guide will explain to you what DeFi is all about, without the jargon.

Our exploration of DeFi will consist of three parts:

• An introduction to what DeFi means and why it matters.

• A tour of different financial applications in the Ethereum ecosystem.

• A deep dive into decentralized lending with the Compound protocol.

By the end of this guide, you’ll have a better understanding of DeFi and be able to learn more on your own. Read on!

The history of software development spans decades. We benefit from the best practices, design patterns, and nuggets of wisdom that has accumulated over half a century.

In contrast, smart contract development is just getting started. Ethereum and Solidity launched in 2015, only a handful of years ago.

The crypto space is an ever-growing uncharted territory. There’s no definitive stack of tools to build decentralized apps. There are no developer handbooks like Design Patterns or Clean Code for smart contracts. Information about tools and best practices are scattered all over the place.

You’re reading the missing guide I wish existed. It summarizes the lessons I’ve learned from writing smart contracts, building decentralized applications, and open source projects in the Ethereum ecosystem.

Do you need to quickly build a web UI for your smart contracts? Etherscan can do that for you! Read on to learn how to verify your Solidity smart contracts on Etherscan.

Smart contracts’ open source and immutable nature enables permissionless innovation in the space. People and companies can innovate on top of protocols without worrying about the rules of the game changing later on. Any Developer can innovate and build new dApps freely in a permissionless manner, without needing anybody’s approval.

When a dApp (decentralized app) is built off of the Ethereum Blockchain it usually implements its own ERC20 Token. Think Augur’s REP Token, or Bancor’s BNT Token. ERC20 is a token standard developed after the release of ETH that defines how tokens are transferred and how to keep a consistent record of those transfers among tokens in the Ethereum Network.

Decentralized services can be composed together to harness their particular strengths. The question is: How can developers extend the capability of an existing ERC20 token contract? In this article, let’s examine a design pattern around smart contract extensibility: Wrapped Tokens.

I won the Singapore National Blockchain Challenge. Read on to learn more about my winning project around decentralized crowdfunding.

Platforms such as Patreon has high fees and can deplatform you at any time. Instead of having to go through a centralized platform, what if Creators can utilize smart contracts and decentralized protocols to crowdfund in an intermediary-free way?

Enter Patronage Collectibles.

You can check out our post-hackathon interview here.